Have you been imagining yourself sipping sangria on a sun-drenched terrace in Madrid? Or perhaps you’re picturing a peaceful retirement along the Costa del Sol? As an American citizen thinking about moving to Spain from the US, you’re not alone. Many US citizens are making this leap every year, leaving behind life in a non-EU country for the allure of western European countries. Having a Spanish passport allows you to travel, work and study in other EU countries, so the freedom of movement within the European Union.
Every week I meet with clients who are ready to trade their American lifestyle for Spanish living—but they’re often shocked by what they don’t know about the process. While Spain welcomes foreigners with open arms, the path to becoming a resident involves paperwork, planning and preparation that catches many off guard. The legal requirements for citizens moving abroad can be overwhelming without proper guidance.
Let me share what I’ve learned from helping hundreds of US citizens make Spain their home and help you avoid the costly mistakes that can derail your Spanish dream before it begins.
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1. Your Spanish Adventure
Moving to Spain can be an exciting experience, a unique mix of culture, history and modern lifestyle. As an American citizen you can take advantage of several visa options, the Non-Lucrative Visa or Digital Nomad Visa to make your Spanish adventure a reality. With its warm climate, beautiful landscapes and vibrant cities, Spain is a popular destination for many expats. Whether you want to retire, work or start a business, Spain has many opportunities for American citizens. In this guide we’ll walk you through the process of moving to Spain, from getting a residence permit to navigating the public healthcare system.
2. Visa Options to Match Your Life Goals
The first question I ask my clients is simple: “What do you want your life in Spain to look like?” Your answer determines which visa path makes sense.
If you’re planning a short visit (under 90 days) you can enter Spain using the visa waiver program with just your valid passport. But for longer stays you’ll need one of several Spanish visas:
- Non-lucrative visa: Perfect for retirees or those with passive income who don’t need to work in Spain (sometimes called a retirement visa)
- Digital nomad visa: New option for remote workers earning income from non-Spanish companies
- Student visa: For those enrolled in Spanish educational programs
- Work visa: For Americans with job offers from Spanish companies (the work visa application process typically requires sponsorship). To obtain a long-term work visa, applicants must demonstrate they have secured employment with a Spanish company by submitting a signed work contract.
- Self-employment visa: For entrepreneurs with a detailed business plan who plan to be self-employed
- Seasonal work visa: For temporary employment during peak tourist or agricultural seasons
Many Spanish visas have different requirements, so comparing your options is key. The visa application form and supporting documents will vary based on which path you choose.
Each visa option has different financial requirements, processing times and paths to permanent residency. The non-lucrative visa requires proving you have sufficient funds to support yourself without working locally while the digital nomad visa is only accessible to those who are either self-employed, or who work for a company that is willing to support you working remotely. Note also that there are unresolved issues relating to social security payments such that the American government does not consider that remote working absolves an employee from paying social security in the US.
3. The Legal Pathway to Spanish Residency
Once you’ve identified the right visa, the process follows a predictable pattern:
- Application preparation: Gather documentation, including financial statements, background checks and proof of medical insurance
- Visa submission: Complete your visa application form at the Spanish consulate in the US with jurisdiction over your home state
- Arrival in Spain: Enter Spain with your visa approval
- Foreigner identity card (TIE): Apply for your residence permit (also called a residency permit) within 30 days of arrival5. Foreigner identity number (NIE): Get your unique foreigner identity number for all legal and financial matters
The process from application to receiving your visa and residency permit typically takes 3-6 months. although I've seen it move faster, depending on visa type.
What surprises many Americans is that applying from Spain from the US is mandatory for most visas—you can’t simply fly to Spain as a tourist visa holder and then decide to stay. Planning ahead and understanding the visa requirements is key. You’ll need to show sufficient funds to support yourself and any family members joining you.
4. Banking and Financial Considerations
Opening a Spanish bank account is an early step I recommend to all clients. Having a local bank account simplifies everything from paying utilities to proving financial stability for your visa application.
As an American citizen in Spain, you’ll face unique tax situations:
- You’ll still file US taxes as an American citizen (yes, forever!)
- After 183 days in Spain, you become a tax resident, subject to Spanish tax on worldwide income
- The US-Spain tax treaty helps prevent double taxation, but proper filing is complex
- You’ll need to pay taxes in Spain on your global income
- You may need to report foreign accounts via FBAR and FATCA
Many clients are surprised to learn that Spain has a wealth tax in addition to income tax. If your assets exceed certain thresholds, you might owe taxes simply for having wealth, not just earning income.
Rental income from US properties, retirement accounts and investment portfolios all require careful planning. The tax implications become particularly important if you’re investing in a Spanish company or working with a Spanish business. I always recommend working with tax professionals in both countries to avoid costly mistakes.
Spain’s economy has recovered well from previous challenges, making it an attractive place for investments, but understanding the local financial system is crucial for success. Investing in Spain’s economy can also be a pathway for obtaining a Spanish passport through various visa programs which has specific financial requirements for prospective immigrants.
5. Healthcare: Your Safety Net
Spain’s public healthcare system is consistently ranked among the best in the world. However, as a new resident, your access depends on your status:
- Most visa applications require private health insurance coverage
- The insurance must be comprehensive medical insurance that covers care equivalent to Spain’s public healthcare system without co-payments* Spain’s public healthcare system is free for citizens and most residents, including children, retirees and students. Private insurance is required for those who don’t fall into these categories.
- After becoming a permanent resident (typically after 5 years) you may qualify for Spain’s universal healthcare
Private insurance costs vary based on age and medical history but are generally much lower than US premiums. Many of my clients are surprised to find comprehensive private insurance coverage for €100-200 monthly.
For retirees concerned about chronic conditions I help verify that policies will cover pre-existing conditions—a crucial detail that’s often overlooked when obtaining private health insurance for your move.
6. Finding Your Spot: Housing and Regions
Spain offers a lot of variety, from the bustling major cities of Madrid and Barcelona to the relaxed pace of coastal towns along the Costa del Sol or the Balearic Islands. Each Spanish city has its own character, with vibrant city centers and different cultural flavors.
Before committing to Spanish property I recommend:
- Renting first in your target area
- Understanding the differences between Spanish and US property laws
- Working with a lawyer (not just a real estate agent) for purchases
- Researching local zoning and potential development that could affect your property
- Investigating rental income potential if you plan to use the property for investment
Renting properties in the city center can be more expensive than outside of it but it offers the convenience of being close to amenities and city life. However living in these central areas can also come with challenges such as noise and higher living costs.
The process of buying Spanish real estate is very different from US practices. For instance Spain doesn’t use escrow accounts the same way and property can come with unexpected liens or debts. Proper legal review before signing any contracts is essential.
If you’re planning to invest in Spanish property to qualify for the Spanish golden visa, your luck is out, as this programme was recently terminated by the Spanish government. In any case, here you will find an overview of the best places to buy in Spain.
7. Integrating into Spanish Culture and Society
Learning Spanish makes a huge difference. While many professionals in tourist areas and city centers speak English, daily life becomes richer when you can talk to your neighbors and shopkeepers in their own language. While it’s possible to live in Spain without speaking Spanish, having a basic understanding of the language can make daily life and interactions much easier.Spanish culture is all about personal relationships and bureaucracy moves more smoothly when you have a connection. This can be frustrating for Americans used to transactional efficiency but it’s a richer community experience once you get used to it.
Many Spanish cities have American expat groups that can help you adjust. These groups offer practical advice and social connections during your transition. They can be especially helpful for family members who might find the adjustment tough at first.
Understanding the differences between Spanish customs and US customs helps prevent culture shock. From shopping hours to dining times, embracing these differences rather than fighting them makes your transition smoother. The pace of life in Spain might feel different from what you’re used to but many of my clients find this to be one of the most rewarding aspects of their move.
8. Travel within the European Union
One of the benefits my clients love most about Spanish residency is the ability to travel freely throughout other European countries in the Schengen Area without visas. Your residence permit removes the 90-day limit that tourists face when visiting any EU country.
For pet owners a European pet passport makes traveling with your animal companions throughout the European Union easier.
Some of my clients with residency permits have even bought vacation properties in other European countries and have a base to explore the continent. This freedom to move between western European countries is a big plus when we compare Spain to other options for Americans looking for international living.
9. Move Logistics
Before moving to Spain it’s essential to plan carefully and consider the logistics. This means researching the different types of visas available and understanding the requirements for each. You’ll also need to think about healthcare, housing and employment opportunities.
Private health insurance is popular among expats as it gives access to quality medical care and is more convenient than navigating the public healthcare system. You’ll also need to open a Spanish bank account, get a Foreigner Identity Number (NIE) and register with the local authorities. With proper planning and research you can make the transition to your new life in Spain smoother.
10. Path to Permanent Status and Spanish Citizenship
Many of my clients start with temporary visas but want longer term security. Here’s what that looks like:
- Initial residence permits are usually valid for 1-2 years
- Renewals extend your status for 2-year periods
- After 5 years of legal residence you can get permanent residency with a permanent residency visa
- After 10 years (2 for Latin American countries) you can get Spanish citizenship and a Spanish passport
The journey to permanent residency requires maintaining your legal status, filing taxes properly and integrating into Spanish society. For a US citizen this means filing a US tax return annually and understanding the implications of the double taxation agreement between the US and Spain. For citizenship you’ll need to pass language and cultural knowledge tests to become one of Spain’s Spanish citizens.
More and more of my clients are choosing the non-lucrative and digital nomad visas (the choice typically dependant on their age profile) because they offer a relatively fast route to permanent status—a consideration worth weighing if long term planning is important to you. This pathway allows you to apply for Spanish citizenship which gives you all the rights of other citizens in the European Union including the highly valued European blue card for professional mobility.
11. Your Spanish Future Starts Now: Conclusion and Next Steps
The path from American citizen to Spanish resident isn’t easy but it’s doable with proper planning and support. The benefits of Spanish living—from universal healthcare to rich cultural experiences and a lower cost of living than other western European countries—make the process worthwhile for most of my clients.
The most successful transitions I’ve guided have one thing in common: starting the process well before the desired move date. Immigration policies change, processing times vary and unexpected document requirements can arise. Having buffer time in your plans prevents disappointed expectations. Whether you want to retire along Spain’s coast, start a business in one of Europe’s most vibrant economies or simply change pace in a country with incredible history and culture the legal foundation you establish now determines how smoothly your Spanish experience unfolds.
For those coming from a non-EU country like the US the adjustment takes time but the benefits of life in Spain—from its laid back pace to its rich traditions—make the effort worthwhile. With proper planning and guidance your journey from tourist to resident to potentially one of Spain’s newest citizens can be one of the best experiences of your life.
Let your Spanish adventure start on solid ground—your future self will thank you.
12. Your Spanish Future Starts Now
The path from American citizen to Spanish resident isn’t easy but it’s doable with proper planning and support. The rewards of Spanish living—from universal healthcare to rich cultural experiences and a lower cost of living than other western European countries—make the process worthwhile for most of my clients.
The most successful transitions I’ve guided have one thing in common: starting the process well before the desired move date. Immigration policies change, processing times vary and unexpected document requirements can arise. Having buffer time in your plans prevents disappointed expectations.
Whether you’re dreaming of retirement along Spain’s beautiful coasts, launching a business in one of Europe’s most dynamic economies or simply seeking a change of pace in a country with incredible history and culture the legal foundation you establish now determines how smoothly your Spanish chapter unfolds.
For those coming from a non-EU country like the US the adjustment takes time but the benefits of life in Spain—from its relaxed pace to its rich traditions—make the effort worthwhile. With proper planning and expert guidance your journey from tourist to resident to potentially one of Spain’s newest citizens can be one of the most rewarding experiences of your life.
Let your Spanish adventure begin on solid legal ground—your future self will thank you.
Want to hear what other clients
are saying about us?
13. Frequently Asked Questions
Is it hard for a US citizen to move to Spain?
Moving to Spain from the US is very possible, but it does involve a few legal steps. For stays longer than 90 days, you’ll need to apply for a long-stay visa—commonly a non-lucrative visa, work visa, or student visa—before arriving. The process can be time-consuming, requiring documents like proof of income, health insurance, and a background check. While the paperwork may seem complex, many Americans successfully relocate each year with proper planning and support from immigration professionals or relocation services.
Is it worth moving to Spain from the USA?
Yes, many Americans find it worthwhile to move to Spain thanks to its lower cost of living, excellent public healthcare system, and relaxed lifestyle. Cities like Valencia, Seville, and Madrid offer vibrant culture and strong expat communities. Spain also ranks high for safety and work-life balance, with a slower pace of life compared to the U.S. While navigating visas and adapting to a new language can be challenging, the overall quality of life makes Spain a popular and rewarding destination for U.S. expats.
Do you have to pay US taxes if you move to Spain?
Yes, U.S. citizens must file a U.S. tax return and report worldwide income even while living in Spain. However, you may reduce or avoid double taxation through the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE), Foreign Tax Credit (FTC), and the U.S.-Spain tax treaty. Additionally, expats may need to report foreign bank accounts under FBAR and comply with FATCA rules. While you’ll also pay Spanish taxes as a resident, smart tax planning can help manage your obligations to both countries.
Can I live in Spain with a US passport?
A U.S. passport allows you to enter Spain for up to 90 days within a 180-day period as a tourist. To live in Spain longer, you must apply for a long-term visa—such as a non-lucrative visa, student visa, or work visa—before arriving. Once in Spain, you’ll need to obtain a residence permit and a foreigner identity card (TIE) within 30 days. These permits are typically issued for 1–2 years and are renewable if residency and financial conditions are met.
